บทความโดย: Thai Windows Administrator Blog
รวบรวมข้อมูลของ CPU ของ AMD ซึ่งเป็นข้อมูลอัพเดทของเดือนเมษายน 2552 ไว้สำหรับใช้อ้างอิงในอนาคตครับ
AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core Processor
AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core Processor เป็นซีพียูแบบ 2 แกน (เทียบได้กับซีพียู Core 2 Duo ของ Intel) สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทเดสก์ทอป ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm และจะรวม Memory Controller เข้าไปอยู่ในตัวซีพียู สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041%5E13076,00.html
AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core: Model
AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core: Specification
Key Architectural Features
ฟีเจอร์เด่นของ Athlon X2 Dual-Core
(รูปจาก www.amd.com)
The industry's first true on-die dual-core x86 processor
* Inter-core communication at CPU speed
* Provides dual-core system capability in single-core system configurations
The AMD64 core provides leading-edge performance for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications
* AMD64 technology provides full-speed support for x86 code base for uncompromising performance
* 40-bit physical addresses, 48-bit virtual addresses
* Sixteen 64-bit integer registers
* Sixteen 128-bit SSE/SSE2/SSE3 registers
* AMD Digital Media XPress™ provides support for SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and MMX instructions
A high-bandwidth, low-latency integrated DDR memory controller
* Supports PC2-6400 (DDR2-800), PC2-5300 (DDR2-667), PC2-4200 (DDR2-533) or PC2-3200 (DDR2-400) SDRAM unbuffered DIMMs
* Support for 64-bit DDR2 SDRAM memory
* Up to 12.8GB/s memory bandwidth
HyperTransport™ technology for high speed I/O communication
* One 16-bit link up to 2000MHz
* Up to 8GB/s HyperTransport™ I/O bandwidth
* Up to 20.8GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
Large high performance on-chip cache
* 64KB Level 1 instruction cache per core
* 64KB Level 1 data cache per core
* Up to 1MB Level 2 cache per core
Cool'n'Quiet™ technology for quieter operation and reduced power requirements
* Recognized in 2005 by the US Environmental Protection Agency for the advancement of energy efficient computer technology
AMD Phenom Processors for Work
AMD Phenom Processors เป็นซีพียูแบบ 3 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X3 และ 4 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X4 (รุ่น X4 เทียบได้กับซีพียู Core 2 Quad ของ Intel) สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทเดสก์ทอป ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm และจะรวม Memory Controller เข้าไปอยู่ในตัวซีพียู สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_15331_15497%5E15500,00.html
AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core: Model and Specification
AMD Phenom X3 และ X4 for Home
AMD Phenom X3 และ X4 Processors เป็นซีพียูแบบ 3 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X3 และ 4 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X4 (รุ่น X4 เทียบได้กับซีพียู Core 2 Quad ของ Intel) สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทเดสก์ทอป ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_15331_15332%5E15347,00.html
Key Architectural Features
ฟีเจอร์เด่นของ AMD Phenom X3 และ X4 for Home
(รูปจาก www.amd.com)
The industry's first true Quad core x86 processor
* True quad-core designed from the ground up for better communication between cores.
o BENEFIT : Cores can communicate on die rather than on package for better performance
AMD64 with Direct Connect Architecture
* Helps improve system performance and efficiency by directly connecting the memory controller and I/O to the CPU.
* Designed to enable simultaneous 32- and 64-bit computing
* Integrated DDR2 Memory Controller
* BENEFITS :
o Increases application performance by reducing memory latency
o Scales memory bandwidth and performance to match compute needs
o HyperTransport™ Technology provides up to 16.0GB/s peak bandwidth per processor—reducing I/O bottlenecks
o Up to 33.1GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
AMD Balanced Smart Cache
* Shared L3 cache
* In addition to the 512K L2 cache per core, up to 2MB of L3 cache shared by up to 4 cores.
o BENEFIT : Shortened access times to highly accessed data for better performance.
AMD Wide Floating Point Accelerator
* 128-bit floating point unit (FPU)
* High performance (128bit internal data path) floating point unit per core.
o BENEFIT : Larger data paths for quicker floating point calculations and better performance.
HyperTransport™ technology
* One 16-bit link up to 4000MT/s
* Up to 8.0 GB/s HyperTransport™ I/O bandwidth; Up to 16.0GB/s in HyperTransport Generation 3.0 mode
* Up to 33.1GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
o BENEFIT : Quick access times to system resources for better performance.
Integrated DDR2 DRAM Controller with AMD Memory Optimizer Technology
* A high-bandwidth, low-latency integrated DDR2 memory controller
* Supports PC2-8500 (DDR2-1066); PC2-6400 (DDR2-800), PC2-5300 (DDR2-667), PC2-4200 (DDR2-533) or PC2-3200 (DDR2-400) SDRAM unbuffered DIMMs
* Support for 64-bit DDR2 SDRAM memory
* Up to 17.1GB/s memory bandwidth
o BENEFIT : Quick access to system memory for better performance.
AMD Virtualization™ (AMD-V™) With Rapid Virtualization Indexing
* Silicon feature-set enhancements designed to improve the performance, reliability, and security of existing and future virtualization environments by allowing virtualized applications with direct and rapid access to their allocated memory.
o BENEFIT : Helps virtualization software to run more securely and efficiently enabling a better experience when dealing with virtual systems
AMD Cool'n'Quiet™ 2.0 technology
* Enhanced power management features which automatically and instantaneously adjusts performance states and features based on processor performance requirements
* For quieter operation and reduced power requirements
o BENEFIT : Enables platform designs providing less heat and noise efficient performance and energy usage.
AMD CoolCore™ Technology
* Reduces processor energy consumption by turning off unused parts of the processor. For example, the memory controller can turn off the write logic when reading from memory, helping reduce system power.
* Works automatically without the need for drivers or BIOS enablement.
* Power can be switched on or off within a single clock cycle, saving energy without comprimised performance.
o BENEFIT: Helps users get more efficient performance by dynamically activating or turning off parts of the processor.
Dual Dynamic Power Management™
* Enables more granular power management capabilities to reduce processor energy consumption.
* Separate power planes for cores and memory controller, for optimum power consumption and performance, creating more opportunities for power savings within the cores and memory controller.
o BENEFIT Helps improve platform efficiency by providing on demand memory performance while still allowing for decreased system power consumption
AMD Phenom II Processors
AMD Phenom II Processors เป็นซีพียูแบบ 3 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X3 และ 4 แกนสำหรับรุ่น X4 (รุ่น X4 เทียบได้กับซีพียู Core 2 Quad 45nm ของ Intel) สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทเดสก์ทอป ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 45nm และจะรวม Memory Controller เข้าไปอยู่ในตัวซีพียู สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_15331_15917%5E15921,00.html
AMD Phenom II Processors: Model
AMD Phenom II Processors: Specification
Key Architectural Features
The industry's first true Quad core x86 processor
* True quad-core and triple-core designed from the ground up for better communication between cores.
o BENEFIT: Cores can communicate on die rather than on package for better performance
AMD64 with Direct Connect Architecture
* Helps improve system performance and efficiency by directly connecting the processors, the memory controller, and the I/O to the CPU.
* Designed to enable simultaneous 32- and 64-bit computing
* Integrated Memory Controller
* BENEFITS:
o Increases application performance by dramatically reducing memory latency
o Scales memory bandwidth and performance to match compute needs
o HyperTransport™ Technology provides up to 16.0GB/s peak bandwidth per processor—reducing I/O bottlenecks
o Up to 37GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
AMD Balanced Smart Cache
* Shared L3 cache (either 6MB or 4MB)
* 512K L2 cache per core
o BENEFIT: Shortened access times to the highly accessed data for better performance.
AMD Wide Floating Point Accelerator
* 128-bit floating point unit (FPU)
* High performance (128bit internal data path)
floating point unit per core.
o BENEFIT: Larger data paths and quicker floating point calculations for better performance.
HyperTransport™ technology
* One 16-bit link at up to 4000MT/s
* Up to 8.0GB/s HyperTransport™ I/O bandwidth; Up to 16GB/s in HyperTransport Generation 3.0 mode
* Up to 37GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
o BENEFIT: Quick access times to system I/O for better performance.
Integrated DRAM Controller with AMD Memory Optimizer Technology
* A high-bandwidth, low-latency integrated memory controller
* Supports PC2-8500 (DDR2-1066); PC2-6400 (DDR2-800), PC2-5300 (DDR2-667), PC2-4200 (DDR2-533) or PC2-3200 (DDR2-400) SDRAM unbuffered DIMMs – AM2+
* Support for unregistered DIMMs up to PC2 8500(DDR2-1066MHz) and PC3 10600 (DDR3-1333MHz) – AM3
* Up to 17.1GB/s memory bandwidth for DDR2 and up to 21GB/s memory bandwidth for DDR3
o BENEFIT: Quick access to system memory for better performance.
AMD Virtualization™ (AMD-V™) With Rapid Virtualization Indexing
* Silicon feature-set enhancements designed to improve the performance, reliability, and security of existing and future virtualization environments by allowing virtualized applications with direct and rapid access to their allocated memory.
o BENEFIT: Helps virtualization software to run more securely and efficiently enabling a better experience when dealing with virtual systems
Cool'n'Quiet™ 3.0 technology
* Enhanced power management features which automatically and instantaneously adjusts performance states and features based on processor performance requirements
* For quieter operation and reduced power requirements
o BENEFIT: Enables cooler and quieter platform designs by providing extremely efficient performance and energy usage.
AMD CoolCore™ Technology
* Reduces processor energy consumption by turning off unused parts of the processor. For example, the memory controller can turn off the write logic when reading from memory, helping reduce system power.
* Works automatically without the need for drivers or BIOS enablement.
* Power can be switched on or off within a single clock cycle, saving energy with no impact to performance.
o BENEFIT: Helps users get more efficient performance by dynamically activating or turning off parts of the processor.
Dual Dynamic Power Management™
* Enables more granular power management capabilities to reduce processor energy consumption.
* Separate power planes for cores and memory controller, for optimum power consumption and performance, creating more opportunities for power savings within the cores and memory controller.
o BENEFIT: Helps improve platform efficiency by providing on demand memory performance while still allowing for decreased system power consumption
AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor
AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor เป็นซีพียูแบบ 2 แกน สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทโน้ตบุ๊ก ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://products.amd.com/en-us/NotebookCPUResult.aspx
AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core: Model
Key Architectural Features
ฟีเจอร์เด่นของ AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core
(รูปจาก www.amd.com)
The industry's first true on-die dual-core x86 processor
* – Inter-core communication at CPU speed
* – Provides dual-core system capability in single-core system configurations
The AMD64 core provides leading-edge performance for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications
* – AMD64 technology provides full-speed support for x86 code base for uncompromising performance
* – 40-bit physical addresses, 48-bit virtual addresses
* – Sixteen 64-bit integer registers
* – Sixteen 128-bit SSE/SSE2/SSE3 registers
* – AMD Digital Media XPress™ provides support for SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and MMX instructions
A high-bandwidth, low-latency integrated DDR memory controller
* – Supports PC2-3200 (DDR2 800), PC2-5300 (DDR2-667), PC2-4200 (DDR2-533) or PC2-3200 (DDR2-400) SDRAM unbuffered SO-DIMMs
* – Support for 64-bit DDR2 SDRAM memory
* – Up to 12.8GB/s memory bandwidth
HyperTransport™ technology for high speed I/O communication
* – One 16-bit link up to 1600MHz
* – Up to 6.4GB/s HyperTransport™ I/O bandwidth
* – Up to 19.2GB/s total delivered processor-to-system bandwidth (HyperTransport bus + memory bus)
Large high performance on-chip cache
* – Dedicated 256K total L1 cache (128K per core)
* – Dedicated 1M total L2 cache (512K per core)
Cool'n'Quiet™ technology for quieter operation and reduced power requirements
* – Recognized in 2005 by the US Environmental Protection Agency for the advancement of energy efficient computer technology
AMD Turion X2 Ultra Dual-Core และ X2 Dual-Core
AMD Turion X2 Ultra Dual-Core และ X2 Dual-Core เป็นซีพียูแบบ 2 แกน สำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์ประเภทโน้ตบุ๊ก ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_12651_15667,00.html)
AMD Turion X2 Ultra Dual-Core: Model
AMD Turion X2 Dual-Core: Model
Key Architectural Features
ฟีเจอร์เด่นของ AMD Turion X2 Ultra Dual-Core และ X2 Dual-Core
(รูปจาก www.amd.com)
Direct Connect Architecture
* Designed to eliminate the real challenges and bottlenecks of system architectures through the use of separate, dedicated high-speed links:
o between the processor and main memory
o between the processor and I/O
o between CPU cores within the same processor
Powerful Multi-Core Processing
* The extensive AMD64 architectural optimizations and features enable thorough integration of multiple cores within the same processor, with each core having its own L1 and L2 caches
Mobile Optimized Memory Controller
* Directly connects processor to memory to optimize memory performance and bandwidth. Improved memory bandwidth and support for DDR2-800 help provide increased memory performance. Power consumption is reduced by operating at a lower voltage and frequency from processor cores.
* PC2-6400 (DDR2-800), PC2-5300 (DDR2-667), PC2-4200/4300 (DDR2-533) SDRAM unbuffered DIMMs
* Support for 64-bit DDR2 SDRAM memory
* Up to 12.8 GB/s memory bandwidth
AMD Dedicated Multi-cache
* Each core has its own dedicated L2 cache, which enables simultaneous independent core access to cache, eliminating the need for cores to arbitrate for cache access. This helps reduce latency on L2 cache access.
Power-Optimized HyperTransport™ Technology 3.0
* Provides greater bandwidth to support Microsoft® DirectX® 10 and Microsoft® DirectX® 10.1, for a more realistic 3D gaming experience and for ATI Avivo™ HD Technology so users can enjoy Blu-ray movies on their PC with smooth HD3 Playback.
* Up to 14.4 GB HyperTransport I/O bandwidth
AMD Digital Media XPress™ Technology
* Provides support for SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and MMX instructions.
AMD Virtualization™ Technology
* Silicon feature-set enhancements designed to improve the performance, reliability, and security of existing and future virtualization environments
Simultaneous 32-bit and 64-bit Computing
* AMD64 technology enables a breakthrough approach to 64-bit computing that doubles the number of registers in the processor, and allows PC users to use today’s 32-bit software applications while enabling them to also use the next generation of 64-bit applications
Enhanced AMD PowerNow!™ Technology
* Dynamically switches performance states (processor core voltage and operating frequency) based on processor performance requirements.
Independent Dynamic Core Technology
* Each processor core can operate at an independent frequency based on workload requirements. The processor cores continue to operate during frequency adjustments.
AMD Dynamic Power Management
* Each processor core, and the integrated memory controller and HyperTransport™ technology controller are powered by a dedicated voltage plane.
Multi-Point Thermal Control
* Next generation design features multiple on-die thermal sensors with digital interface. Automatic reduction of p-state when temperature exceeds pre-defined limit. Additional memory thermal management interface.
AMD CoolCore™ Technology
* Reduces processor energy consumption by turning off unused parts of the processor.
AMD Athlon Neo Processor
AMD Athlon Neo Processor เป็นซีพียูสำหรับคอมพิวเตอร์โน้ตบุ๊กแบบบางพิเศษ (Ultrathin Notebooks) ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm เท่าที่ตรวจสอบจากเว็บไซต์ของ AMD ผมพบข้อมูลซีพียู NEO นี้เพียงรุ่นเดียว สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9484_15916,00.html
AMD Athlon Neo Processor
AMD Opteron Processor
AMD Opteron Processor เป็นซีพียูสำหรับเครื่องเซิร์ฟเวอร์ (เทียบได้กับซีพียู Xeon ของ Intel) ใช้เทคโนโลยีแบบ 65nm มีทั้งหมด 3 รุ่นด้วยกัน คือ 1000 Series, 2000 Series และ 8000 Series สำหรับคุณลักษณะด้านเทคนิคคร่าวๆ มีดังนี้
ที่มา: http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_8796,00.html
AMD Opteron 1000 Series
AMD Opteron 2000 Series
AMD Opteron 8000 Series
Key Architectural Features
ฟีเจอร์เด่นของ AMD Opteron Processor
(รูปจาก www.amd.com)
Enhanced AMD PowerNow! Technology with Independent Dynamic Core Technology
* Allows processors and cores to operate at various voltages and frequencies, depending on usage and workload to reduce TCO and to lower power consumption in the datacenter
* Enables more granular power management capabilities to reduce processor energy consumption
* Memory controller power consumption can be reduced, by shutting down logic that is not being used, for further reductions in power consumption
Dual Dynamic Power Management™
* Enables more granular power management capabilities to reduce processor energy consumption.
* Separate power planes for cores and memory controller, for optimum power consumption and performance, creating more opportunities for power savings within the cores and memory controller.
AMD CoolCore™ Technology
* Reduces processor energy consumption by turning off unused parts of the processor. For example, the memory controller can turn off the write logic when reading from memory, helping reduce system power.
* Works automatically without the need for drivers or BIOS enablement.
* Power can be switched on or off within a single clock cycle, saving energy with no impact to performance.
AMD Smart Fetch Technology
* Helps reduce power consumption by allowing idle cores to enter a “halt” state, causing them to draw even less power during processing idle times.
* Data from the L1 and L2 cache are transferred to the L3 cache before the idle cores enter a "halt" state. Contents of the idle cores can be intelligently retrieved from the shared L3 cache, so the idle cores can remain "halted."
AMD Virtualization™ (AMD-V™) With Rapid Virtualization Indexing
* Designed to greatly increase performance of virtualized applications by allowing virtual machines to directly manage memory with less hypervisor intervention and associated overhead.
* Improves the efficiency of switching between virtual machines, helping improve performance.
* Effectively isolates virtual machines for secure operation.
Integrated DDR2 DRAM Controller with AMD Memory Optimizer Technology
* 128-bit memory channel can be divided into two independent 64-bit memory channels for improving memory access efficiency
* Larger memory buffers for increased throughput
* Write bursting to minimize read/write transitions for greater throughput
* Optimized DRAM paging algorithm to intelligently predict and retrieve data needed from main memory for greater throughput
* Core prefetchers can pull data directly from L1 cache to decrease latency and to spare L2 bandwidth
AMD Balanced Smart Cache
* Large shared L3 cache shares data between cores efficiently while helping reduce latency to main memory
* Dedicated L1 and L2 cache per core helps performance of virtualized environments and large databases by reducing cache pollution associated with a shared L2 cache
* The L1 cache of AMD Opteron processors can handle double the number of loads per cycle as Second-Generation AMD Opteron processors to help keep CPU cores busy
AMD Wide Floating Point Accelerator
* 128-bit SSE floating-point capabilities enable each processor to simultaneously execute up to four flops per clock per core (up to four times the floating-point computations of previous AMD Opteron processors) for significantly improved performance in compute-intensive and workstation applications
* Instruction fetch bandwidth, data-cache bandwidth, and memory-controller-to-cache bandwidth have all been doubled over previous AMD Opteron processors to help keep the 128-bit floating-point pipeline full
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1 comment:
This is an informative blog and as I am associated with laptop parts especially CPUs I really find interesting. Thanks.
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